(PDF) Complutum Hispanorromano: La ciudad y su territorio | Sebastián Rascón Marqués – replace.me

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Special tools and test equipment. Post warranty maintenance support. The Contractor shall supply and install new Remote Terminal Units RTUs to enable control and monitoring of the kV in the future , kV, kV generating and transmission substations including the 33kV sections of those stations..

The works shall include adaptation works at some substations to provide monitoring and control facilities not yet available. The works shall include but not be limited to: a A full survey of all kV, kV substations and all generation stations shall be undertaken by the Contractor to obtain the necessary data to carry out the detailed design for the substation works. This works shall establish interface points, location of equipment, cable routes, etc. The manufacturer and model of each is indicated in the Table 1.

The Contractor may at his option adapt the devices to use the IEC 5 – protocol. For example they do not include controls. Consequently the scope of work shall include the modifications necessary to invoke the additional signals required for the new NSCC. The installation of the additional RTU modules, interposing relays, transducers and cabling required for the full monitoring and control requirements at these sites will be carried out by the Employer. Monitoring signals at present used by the existing SCC are wired to Marshalling Cubicles adjacent to the RTUs along with the required interposing relays and mA transducers.

Where additional signals are required the additional interfacing devices and cables shall be provided under this Contract. In the locations where Marshalling Cubicles are already installed the Contractor shall be responsible for the implementation of any additional signals that are required. Where no signals or Marshalling are provided the Contractor shall provide all the cabling, interposing relays and transducers that are required.

Where appropriate these RTUs may be of a distributed design. There are 7 IPP stations the data for which will be available at marshalling points within the substation to which the generation is injected. These signals shall be connected to the new RTU in the respective location with the exception of Heladhanavi whose data will be accommodated at the Puttlam SAS.

For Stations that will be implemented under other projects by the Contractor shall establish the communication links between the new outstation and the new NSCC. The communication protocol shall be IEC 5 – or For those stations to be implemented between and SPSP20 the Contractor shall ensure that all necessary equipment, interfaces and capacity is available at the Master Station and within the Telecommunication System to support these new stations.

There are 4 generating stations that shall be equipped for operating with AGC on a total of 10 generators Set Point displays are to be provided at defined stations to facilitate the despatch of MW and MVAr values.

In locations where no secure 48Vdc or Vdc supply exists or the existing equipment is unsuitable because of condition, age or capacity the Contractor shall provide secure 48Vdc Charger and Battery system to support the SCADA and Communication facilities being implemented as well as those that may exist e.

Details of the operating settings for the protocol at the respective outstation will be made available to the Contractor early in the Contract. Table 1- Outstation List No. Data Points Under station project Under station project Under station project Under station project Under station project Under station project Under station project Under station project Under station project Under station project – Under station project – Under station project – Under station project – Under station project – Under station project – Under station project – Under station project – Under station project – Under station project – They will be used to gather data associated with the building services and ancillary equipment that is important for the functioning of the control centre such as Equipment Room, temperature and humidity, HVAC, UPS, diesel generator, intruder detection etc..

They will also be used to test spares and replacement modules. The system shall comprise but not be limited to: a. Dual Uninterruptible Power Supply with batteries capable of providing 3 hours of standby capacity b. A new building shall be provided at the designated location in Sri Jayewardenepura on the outskirts of Colombo.

The Contractor is required to carry out the design and construction of the new building. The results of the Soil Investigation and Land Survey will be provided with the Tender Documents to the Contractor who shall be responsible for the complete works including but not limited to: a. Conceptual Design b. The design shall be appropriately prestigious that reflects the importance of the System Control Function. The Contractors Structural Engineer of Record shall be responsible for the design of the complete structural system for the building.

The complete structural system for the building shall include but not be limited to; foundations, walls, roof framing, floor and roof diaphragms, lateral load stability, framing and connection of any architectural features, coordination of floor slabs to slope to floor drains shown on other drawings and support and bracing of mechanical and electrical related structures as well as all minor structures and any other work to complete the building s.

The Contractor shall verify the location of all existing utilities and structures affecting the work. The Contractor shall provide temporary bracing and shoring required for installation of all components of the Contract. The Contractor shall be responsible for all safety precautions and the methods, techniques and sequences of procedures required to perform the work. The Contractor shall coordinate all trades and verify dimensions and interfaces in the field.

The Contractor shall be responsible for the installation and putting into service of all equipment within his scope of supply and interfacing to existing facilities or equipment supplied under separate contracts. It is a requirement of this Contract that the Contractor actively coordinates all interface requirements with other Contractors and with the Employer.

The Contractor shall be responsible in conjunction with those other Contractors or the Employer for the resolution of any technical issues that may be required to successfully complete the works. The limits of supply for the respective Sections of Work are as follows: 1. The complete System including the Master Station Equipment, Control Room furniture and fittings, any auxiliary or miscellaneous items or connections are required to complete the working system. Optical terminal box provided by others at each outstation and location and the NSCC building.

The Contractor shall ensure that the Master Station equipment can be located where required, the environmental conditions are as required for the Master Station equipment, all cable routes that are required are defined and implemented, access for equipment is feasible and that the Control and Equipment Room designs have been correctly implemented.

The contractor shall provide or carry out any minor civil works, mounting frames cable racks, cabling, connectors, ventilation devices etc. The Contractor shall be responsible for the installation and putting into service the complete Telecommunication system including the SDH backbone network, the telecommunication network management system, PLC links, teleprotection signalling equipment, telephone system, and associated interfaces or connections required to complete the working system.

The boundary of connections or interfaces to existing equipment or equipment supplied by others shall be: Power Supplies: Primary Distribution Boards provided at the Control Centre building and Distribution Boards in Substations and other required locations that are provided by the Employer.

Outstations: Outstation communication ports. Substation equipment: Interfaces to Distance Fault Recorders and frequency measurement devices. The boundary of connections or interfaces to existing equipment or equipment supplied by others shall be: Stations equipped with Gateway devices SDH or PLC communication channel inputs and the communication ports of the SAS devices define the hardware interface boundaries.

However, where additional signals are required and this may include controls or where replacement materials are required the boundary shall be at the points of connection of the required materials. This would be from the Marshalling Cubicle to either the substation control rooms or the respective bays. Where suitable power supplies exist the interface point shall be the dc distribution boards.

Where replacement or new dc supplies are required the Vac distribution boards shall be the interface point. Stations that are not equipped with Outstations In cases where no marshalling cubicles are provided the Contractor shall provide all wiring, cubicles, interfaces that are required to implement the full monitoring and control requirements detailed in the station signal lists. In the cases where there are existing marshalling cubicles these shall define the contractual boundary for the implementation of the new RTUs.

All cables, connectors, cable trays, ducting, accessories and other materials required to complete the installation and setting to work shall be included in the scope of work.

The Contractor shall coordinate with the parties responsible within the Employers organisation to ensure that all required data is defined and made available and that all activities required to complete and put into service these facilities for data exchange are carried out.

The Contractor shall be responsible for the installation of the complete UPS, Diesel Generator and associated control panels and distribution boards and their termination in the primary intake, switch rooms and battery room in the new NSCC building. The Contractor shall be responsible for the complete architectural, civil and building services works associated the provision of the NSCC building.

In addition to the coordination required with the other sections of work under this Contract the Contractor shall be responsible for the provision of access and routes for services. The Contractor shall provide suitable routes from the boundary of the construction site to enable the electricity, telephone, water and drainage services to be connected. The Contractor shall also provide suitable termination points for these services. In the case of the electricity services two independent and segregated routes shall be provided by the Contractor that are protected from mechanical damage.

The service cables shall be provided by the Employer who will terminate them on Distribution Boards provided by the Contractor. Similarly, the Contractor shall provide independent, protected and segregated routes up to the boundary of the construction site for the communications cables to enter the building. The Contractor shall provide all required management, architectural, design, labour, travel, administration, equipment, earthwork, civil, structural, electrical, mechanical, building services and all other associated works and services to complete the design, construction and fitting out of the NSCC building.

The Contractor shall include all work required including reinstatement of disturbed areas within and surrounding the site of construction including areas where the Contractors work force, storage and other related activities have occurred. In respect of design of products offered under this bid, the bidder shall ensure that identical products in design have been in service for a minimum period of five 5 years. If the offered products are manufactured under license, the service experience of products manufactured by the parent company shall not be counted as service experience of the licensee’s products.

In the case of Computer Based and other electronic equipment the general system shall comply with this requirement whereas the devices used and architecture shall follow the latest models and standards. The Bidder shall provide adequate evidence of compliance to the above requirements to the satisfaction of the CAPC.

Bids that do not comply with the above requirements or with incomplete evidence of compliance may be rejected. This Chapter of the specification details the requirement for the Master Station and supporting equipment to be provided at each location. The system and applications to be supplied shall be based on proven products that shall, as far as is possible, be configured to meet these functional requirements.

The Contractor shall endeavour to meet the specified requirements using their standard software products. In this respect, it is important that the objectives of the requirements are met even though the solution may not entirely comply with the Specification.

However, the Contractor shall develop new software to provide all specified functionality that cannot be achieved using the Contractors standard products. The Bidder shall identify whether the offered solution is a deviation from the specified requirement or an alternative that meets the objectives of the specified requirement. System to be supplied shall be based on mature products that have evolved and been proven in comparable projects.

In this context it is recognised that such a system will have standard functional features not specified herein but nevertheless important or essential for the implementation of a fully operational system. Further to this, the Contractor shall be responsible for supplying, within the Contract price, all software, hardware, documentation and miscellaneous items required to implement a fully operational system whether or not those items are explicitly specified or requested.

Due to its pivotal role in the operational management of the power network the SCADA master station at the Control Centre must be secure against internal failures and external hazards.

As defence against internal equipment failures the Master Station shall comprise a set of redundant hardware and software facilities as required to meet the availability requirements of this specification. The design is required to ensure that failures of components or sub-systems are detected promptly and that previously redundant components are brought into operational use, without operator intervention, and without causing a degradation of functionality or performance.

The design shall be such that no single failure shall cause the loss or disruption to essential facilities. To provide a first level of defence against external, potentially common mode hazards, such as fire, redundant elements of the master station principally servers shall be capable of being located in physically segregated rooms within the Control Centre building s.

The control rooms will be the only common point of failure with respect to external hazards. As a defence against this it shall be possible to utilise any of the workstations located outside the control room as operational workstations including those associated with the maintenance and training facilities. Communication and power cabling shall be physically segregated to support the segregation of redundant hardware and software facilities.

For example cabling to workstations outside the control room should not run through the control room and cabling to each workstation within the control room should be segregated. The System design and architecture shall have followed industry standard open systems concepts with regard to interconnections with other equipment conforming to open standards and system upgradeability, for hardware and software, as well as for data management.

In normal operation all subsystems and functions shall be available. However, certain subsystems shall be replicated such that no single failure shall cause loss of functionality and that the availability of the. The Contractor shall identify where subsystems need to be replicated to meet the specified requirements: The SCADA Master Station workstations need not be replicated provided the functionality previously available at a failed workstation is automatically available at a pre-defined workstation and by suitable access codes at other operator workstations.

Similarly for Master Station printers, if suitable diversity of printers on servers is provided and automatic reassignment, then duplication is not required. The system must be designed to allow a faulty item to be removed from service and to be replaced without the functionality of the system being affected. The design shall be such as to avoid interruption of data acquisition because of faults.

Under no circumstances shall it be possible for the system to lose data and be in an indeterminate state with respect to data validity. In the event of detection of a data transmission error or failure, indications and alarms from the previously successful scan shall continue to be displayed. Facilities shall be incorporated to indicate automatically to the operators that the relevant data has not been updated. This is estimated to be some 50, data points. Any additional capacity required for internal management, etc shall be accounted for separately by the Contractor.

The expansion capability of SCADA Master Station system is required to match power system developments over its service life of some 15 years. The delivered systems shall be dimensioned according to the following: a b c A four-fold increase in the number of all database points both telemetered and nontelemetered. A two-fold increase in the number of Outstations. The Master Station software including SCADA and applications databases and display facilities shall be dimensioned to accommodate a four fold increase in size of the power network elements nodes, generators, transformers, switches etc.

The introduction of an additional voltage level e. The above expansion shall be achieved without degradation to the availability or performance of the master station. The Bidder shall demonstrate in the sizing calculation to be provided with the offer that these expansion requirements are provided for and can be achieved without such degradation.

The Contractor shall demonstrate in the Factory Tests that these expansion requirements can be achieved without such degradation. No additional hardware or software shall be required to accommodate the expansion defined above for the Master Station. In addition, the Master Station shall be capable of expansion to support 2 additional operator workstations within the control room and a further 2, operator workstations to be located elsewhere via a remote connection.

The Bidder shall indicate if any additional hardware or software or licences, other than the workstations themselves, would be required in order to ensure that the performance of the system is not compromised by such an expansion in the number of workstations. It is a fundamental requirement that each system and individual items of equipment within them shall be designed for high reliability and that hardware and standard existing software used within the systems shall have been proven in service.

The construction of equipment and its installation shall be such that common mode risks from external hazards are minimised. The installation plan shall include the measures to be taken to prevent such contingencies and will be subject to approval.

All existing Outstations that are to remain in service operate using the IEC protocol new Outstations shall communicate with the master stations using the IEC or protocols.

The data acquisition system shall send out polling requests for data in accordance with a preprogrammed routine so as to maintain the database updated with the latest data from all Outstations. Where a report by exception technique is used the data acquisition software shall initiate a full scan of an RTU to retrieve the actual state of the RTU under the following circumstances: a b c d e Master Station cold start RTU or SAS reset Restoration of communications Cyclically every 24 hours On request by the operator.

The facility to switch Outstations into or out-of-scan for maintenance or commissioning purposes shall be provided. It shall only be possible to switch Outstations by manual command from an appropriate display.

The status of all Outstation communication shall be available for display at any of the Master Station Workstations.

All operator actions required to enable and disable data acquisition in the manner outlined above shall be recorded in the events list. The system shall also maintain a separate list of all data points which have been manually taken ‘off scan’. The data acquisition system shall monitor the performance of each communication channel.

Statistics on the performance of each communication channel shall be available for display. For each communication channel the data acquisition software shall detect loss of communication with an Outstation and raise an alarm. Where an alternate communication channel to the Outstation is available communication shall be switched automatically by the data acquisition software.

The data acquisition software shall continue to operate on the alternate communication channel until instructed to switch-over to the main link by the Operator. In the event of detection of a data transmission error or failure, indications and alarms from the previously successful scan shall continue to be displayed on the workstations.

Facilities shall be incorporated however to indicate automatically to the operators that the relevant data has not been updated. The SCADA system shall provide a comprehensive and flexible set of facilities for processing telemetered, manually entered, calculated and data from other systems accessible at the NSCC. The following requirements relate to specific types of data. Where conversion of raw data to engineering units is required this shall be configurable on an individual point basis.

The following conversion types shall therefore be provided for measured value scaling: a b No conversion – The value in raw counts is stored directly in the database unchanged. Unique pairs of A and B are provided for each analogue point requiring this conversion.

Suppressed zero – For each value of this conversion type a database value is specified below which the converted value will be set to zero. Each measured value shall have an associated ‘value out of range’ raw data value threshold.

If this value is exceeded the last valid value shall be displayed and an out-of-range attribute shall mark the data item. It shall be possible to specify for each voltage, at database construction, a value in engineering units, below which the voltage shall be stored as zero.

The following sign conventions for real and reactive power flow shall be used universally throughout the SCADA system: a All active and reactive power flowing into a busbar shall be positive b Limits All limit values shall be in engineering units. It shall be possible for the alarm limits to be amended on-line by the Operator. Amendments to the active limits shall generate a message indicating the changes made to the limit values within the event list.

For monopolar measured values, alarm supervision shall be between two adjustable alarm limits. For bipolar measured values alarm supervision shall be between four adjustable alarm limits. When enabled the scanned measured value shall be continuously checked against assigned limit values. When disabled no limit checking shall apply to the selected measured value.

All limit violations shall be annunciated as an alarm to the operator and recorded on the event list. To ensure that items whose values are varying just above and just below alarm limits do not generate a constant stream of alarms, the system shall not consider a value to have returned within a set of limits until it has done so by a predefined and operator adjustable margin.

To avoid annunciation of certain transitory conditions it shall also be possible to delay the annunciation of an alarm for a defined period. This period shall be a system wide parameter, based on the number 1 or more of consecutive scans for which the transgression is true, and shall be amendable on-line by the Operator. A time-delay filter shall be provided to ensure that any transient limit-transgressions do not result in transient changes to the displayed or annunciated alarm state.

Whenever a measurement returns within limits from a limit violation, an event shall be recorded in the event list. All active and reactive power flowing out of a busbar shall be negative. Acknowledged limit alarms associated with the measured value shall not generate an additional alarm, but shall be removed from the alarm list when the measured value returns within limits. Unacknowledged limit alarms shall be annunciated again measured value returns within limits.

Manual Overrides Facilities shall be provided for overriding measured values with fixed values entered via the User Interface. All measurements shall be eligible for overriding. The System shall only permit the application of overrides for measured values by users with the appropriate area of authority. Overridden values shall not be updated by values telemetered from Outstations or calculated by the system for values which are scan inhibited. The appearance of values on displays shall be different when an override has been applied.

On removal of an override the value shall be marked suspect until the value has been updated from the telemetered source or recalculated. Overrides shall be enterable and removable wherever the value is displayed subject to appropriate user function authority. All status changes shall be processed immediately. Single Points In general this category encompasses alarm and status indications. Two forms of alarms shall be supported, these being fleeting momentary signal e.

Double Points Double point indications shall be used to indicate the status of circuit breaker and switch position Open or Closed and other devices where a higher integrity is required than is possible with single point indication.

An output must be obtained from each of the two positions e. In many cases the indication wiring and interposing relays are existing and have been implemented as single point status signals. The system shall also be able to process these as switch position but without the validity logic. It further demonstrates that this treatment can alter cognitive processing such that words never specifically trained can be read in free vision without overtly using the trained strategy.

The data suggest that an important element in achieving. The survey is a part of Posiva Oy’s detailed investigation program for the final disposal of spent nuclear fuel.

The assignment included the field work and data processing. The report describes field operation, equipment as well as processing procedures and shows the obtained results and an analysis of their quality in the appendices.

Writing more informative letters of reference. Writing a meaningful and valuable letter of reference is not an easy task.

Several factors influence the quality of any letter of reference. First, the accuracy and reliability of the writer’s impressions and judgment depend on how well he knows the individual being described.

Second, the writer’s frame of reference, which is determined by the number of persons at the same level that he has worked with, will impact the context and significance of his beliefs and estimations. Third, the letter -writing skills of the person composing the letter will naturally affect the letter.

To support the other components of a candidate’s application, a letter of reference should provide specific examples of how an individual’s behavior or attitude compares to a reference group and should assess “intangibles” that are hard to glean from a curriculum vitae or from test scores. This report offers suggestions that should help physicians write more informative letters of reference. Letters From Peplau. Hildegard Peplau, considered to be our first modern Nurse theorist and the Mother of Psychiatric Nursing, was a prolific writer, engaging in correspondence with colleagues and students who sought her professional and theoretical expertise.

Through these letters , she influenced psychiatric nursing while maintaining a broad international network of professional colleagues. An analysis of letters , written between and , provides insights into Peplau’s last decade of professional life and a model of how to support the next generation of nurse scholars.

Using content analysis, 24 letters received between and were read, reread, and coded. Recurring themes were identified. Three themes were identified. The letters depict Peplau’s keen intellect, her wide professional network, her leisure time spent with family and friends, and her own work to assure that her theoretical legacy continued. Peplau’s insights continue to be relevant as psychiatric mental health nursing leaders engage in activities to support the next generation of scholars and leaders.

The legibility of letters and words. However, research indicates Is it possible to create a typeface where both letters and words have a high level of legibility or are those factors so different that they cannot be combined?

Through a literature review Nonwords created by transposing two “adjacent” letters i. This fact poses problems for most computational models of word recognition e. ERP correlates of letter identity and letter position are modulated by lexical frequency. The encoding of letter position is a key aspect in all recently proposed models of visual-word recognition. We analyzed the impact of lexical frequency on letter position assignment by examining the temporal dynamics of lexical activation induced by pseudowords extracted from words of different frequencies.

For each word e. ERPs were recorded while participants read words and pseudowords in two tasks: Semantic categorization Experiment 1 and lexical decision Experiment 2. Behavioral responses in the lexical decision task paralleled this asymmetry. The present findings impose constraints on computational and neural models of visual-word recognition.

The letter knowledge assessment tool. There is a need to develop letter knowledge assessment tools to characterise the letter knowledge in Portuguese pre-schoolers and to compare it with pre-schoolers from other countries, but there are no tools for this purpose in Portugal.

This study includes data that has been gathered in two phases: pilot and main study. In the pilot study, an expert panel of six speech and language pathologists analysed the instrument.

Content validity, internal consistency, reliability and contributing factors to performance were examined statistically. A modified Bland-Altman method revealed good agreement amongst evaluators.

Significant differences were found between age groups with children increasing their letter knowledge with age. In addition, they were better at identifying than at producing both letter names and letter sounds. We examined the effects of letter -transposition in Hebrew in three masked-priming experiments. Experiment 1 showed that…. Progesterone-associated proteins PP 12 and PP 14 in the human endometrium. Two proteins, designated as PP 12 and PP 14 were originally isolated from soluble extracts of the human placenta and its adjacent membranes.

Both proteins occur at high concentrations in human amniotic fluid, which is therefore an excellent source for purification. This is identical with that of somatomedin-binding protein purified from the amniotic fluid. Human secretory endometrium synthesizes and secretes PP 12, and progesterone stimulates its secretion.

PP 14 is a kDa glycoprotein. Its N-terminal sequence shows homology to that of beta-lactoglobulins from various species. We have found PP 14 in the human endometrium, serum and milk. In ovulatory menstrual cycles, the concentration of PP 14 increases in endometrial tissue as the secretory changes advance. In serum, the PP 14 concentration begins to rise later than the progesterone levels, and high serum PP 14 levels are maintained for the first days of the next cycle.

By contrast, no elevation of serum PP 14 level is seen in anovulatory cycles. Our results show that progesterone-associated proteins are synthesized by the human endometrium and appear in the peripheral circulation, where they can be quantitatively measured using immunochemical techniques.

Letter Dice. Technical Note No. Letter and syllable dice devised for a project in rural Ecuador provide inexpensive, easily reproducible learning materials for practice in basic literary skills.

Eleven wooden cubes with six letters on each cube are cast onto a surface and the player constructs words from the letters on the top side of the dice. After a word is formed and…. Letter to the parliament:. This piece was a letter directed towards various ministers in the parliament, targeted at raising a discussion on the values in the education of architects in Denmark and various related topics Resource Letter : GW Global warming.

This Resource Letter provides a guide to the literature on the possibility of a human-induced climate change—a global warming. Journal articles and books are cited for the following topics: the Greenhouse Effect, sources of infrared-trapping gases, climate models and their uncertainties, verification of climate models, past climate changes, and economics, ethics, and politics of policy responses to climate change.

The letter I, for intermediate level, indicates material of somewhat more specialized nature, and the letter A indicates rather specialized or advanced material. Implied reading direction and prioritization of letter encoding.

Capacity limits hinder processing of multiple stimuli, contributing to poorer performance for identifying two briefly presented letters than for identifying a single letter. Higher accuracy is typically found for identifying the letter on the left, which has been attributed to a right-hemisphere dominance for selective attention. Here, we use rapid serial visual presentation RSVP of letters in two locations at once. The letters to be identified are simultaneous and cued by rings.

In the first experiment, we manipulated implied reading direction by rotating or mirror-reversing the letters to face to the left rather than to the right. The left-side performance advantage was eliminated. Again consistent with an effect of implied reading direction, performance was better for the top position in the downward condition, but not in the upward condition.

In both experiments, mixture modeling of participants’ report errors revealed that attentional sampling from the two locations was approximately simultaneous, ruling out the theory that the letter on one side was processed first, followed by a shift of attention to sample the other letter. Thus, the orientation of the letters apparently controls not when the letters are sampled from the scene, but rather the dynamics of a subsequent process, such as tokenization or memory consolidation.

Implied reading direction appears to determine the letter prioritized at a high-level processing bottleneck. In some circumstances, a letter or other written form of communication to the contractor may be adequate postaward Early on during word recognition, letter positions are not accurately coded. Evidence for this comes from transposed- letter TL priming effects, in which letter strings generated by transposing two adjacent letters e.

Launch of Zoological Letters. A new open-access journal, Zoological Letters , was launched as a sister journal to Zoological Science, in January The new journal aims at publishing topical papers of high quality from a wide range of basic zoological research fields. This review highlights the notable reviews and research articles that have been published in the first year of Zoological Letters , providing an overview on the current achievements and future directions of the journal.

In this article, we use the medium of a narrative dialogue to represent and re-examine our reflective letter -writing method. The dialogue draws attention to key features of reflective letter -writing as a collaborative autoethnographic research method and, in so doing, highlights and explores the nature, potential significance, and challenges of this method. Our discussion points to the value of a collaborative process of reflective letter -writing as a way for researchers to access and portray emotional aspects of their research experience, to deepen their engagement with these emotional dimensions, and to gain insight into their own and others’ lived research experiences.

The pavement is one of the basic parts of the road infrastructure. The development model is depending on the PCI value of sample sections having The filtering and outlier analysis was done by using a polynomial fourth-degree constrained least squared for statistical process. The result of the prediction model of PCI shows that it is valid to be used in the prediction of the condition of pavement for the same family type. Stated objectives are to enable students to type a mailable letter ; to inspect,….

Full Text Available Starting from the hypothesis that printed word identification initially involves the parallel mapping of visual features onto location-specific letter identities, we analyze the type of information that would be involved in optimally mapping this location-specific orthographic code onto a location-invariant lexical code.

We assume that some intermediate level of coding exists between individual letters and whole words, and that this involves the representation of letter combinations. We then investigate the nature of this intermediate level of coding given the constraints of optimality. This intermediate level of coding is expected to compress data while retaining as much information as possible about word identity. Information conveyed by letters is a function of how much they constrain word identity and how visible they are.

Optimization of this coding is a combination of minimizing resources using the most compact representations and maximizing information. We show that in a large proportion of cases, non-contiguous letter sequences contain more information than contiguous sequences, while at the same time requiring less precise coding.

Moreover, we found that the best predictor of human performance in orthographic priming experiments was within-word ranking of conditional probabilities, rather than average conditional probabilities. We conclude that from an optimality perspective, readers learn to select certain contiguous and non-contiguous letter combinations as information that provides the best cue to word identity.

Writing More Informative Letters of Reference. Third, the letter Phenomenon: Fourth-year medical students obtain Department of Medicine DOM letters “Chair” letters to support their residency applications. Writing and interpreting DOM letters are challenging. There is heterogeneity in the letters that makes it difficult to both write and read these letters.

The purpose of this study is to determine the value of new guidelines developed by a task force of clerkship directors and program directors in internal medicine and assess the implementation of these guidelines.

The Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine performed a cross-sectional survey of internal medicine clerkship directors at U. In addition, the primary author’s institution reviewed 1, DOM letters between and to assess the implementation of these guidelines. DOM letter writers reported the guidelines were better, easier to implement, and more compatible with the purpose of DOM letters than previously. Most letter readers reported that letters using the guidelines were more credible.

Writers of DOM letters in lower academic ranks rated the letters with guidelines higher in several domains than those in higher academic ranks. Readers of DOM letters in higher academic ranks rated the letters with guidelines higher in several domains than those in lower academic ranks. In the DOM letters examined, the odds of meeting each guideline increased with each additional year.

However, for 3 guidelines there was an initial decline in adherence from to before increasing again in the recommended length, clerkship description, and detailed narrative guidelines. Letters solely written by a chair were less likely to incorporate the guidelines. Insights: Clerkship directors often write the DOM letters and identify with the purpose of the guidelines. As writers, lower ranking academic faculty value the guidelines more than higher ranking academic faculty. As readers of DOM letters.

A comparison of pp and pp elastic scattering at 90 degrees. A study of low momentum antiproton-proton interactions in the momentum range 0. An observation of one property of the data when compared with pp elastic scattering within the framework of quark- parton models is presented. The pp and pp systems, related by crossing symmetry, provided significant constraints on any particular model.

Book Review 1. Book Title: Histocompatibility Testing Book Author: P. Terasaki Ed. Copenhagen: Munksgaard. Book Review 2. Book Author: A. Springfield, Ill. Charles C. Investigation of exotic modes of spinning nuclei nearZr Uitgeverij De Arbeiders- pers, Amsterdam, , pp. Met aante- keninge [ pp.

In het die skrywer van hierdie studie, op grond van ‘n proefskrif oor die doelbewuste aankweek van die Hitlerlegende tot ,. Maritime Geo-Fence Letter Report. Johnson Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. July Report No. The role of sensorimotor learning in the perception of letter -like forms: tracking the causes of neural specialization for letters.

Functional specialization in the brain is considered a hallmark of efficient processing. It is therefore not surprising that there are brain areas specialized for processing letters. To better understand the causes of functional specialization for letters , we explore the emergence of this pattern of response in the ventral processing stream through a training paradigm.

Previously, we hypothesized that the specialized response pattern seen during letter perception may be due in part to our experience in writing letters. The work presented here investigates whether or not this aspect of letter processing-the integration of sensorimotor systems through writing-leads to functional specialization in the visual system.

To test this idea, we investigated whether or not different types of experiences with letter -like stimuli “pseudoletters” led to functional specialization similar to that which exists for letters. Neural activation patterns were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI before and after three different types of training sessions. Participants were trained to recognize pseudoletters by writing, typing, or purely visual practice.

Results suggested that only after writing practice did neural activation patterns to pseudoletters resemble patterns seen for letters. That is, neural activation in the left fusiform and dorsal precentral gyrus was greater when participants viewed pseudoletters than other, similar stimuli but only after writing experience. Neural activation also increased after typing practice in the right fusiform and left precentral gyrus, suggesting that in some areas, any motor experience may change visual processing.

The results of this experiment suggest an intimate interaction among perceptual and motor systems during pseudoletter perception that may be extended to everyday letter perception.

The production of pigments as secondary metabolites by microbes is known to vary by species and by physiological conditions within a single strain. The fungus strain Penicillium purpurogenum IAM has been found to produce violet pigment PP -V and orange pigment PP -O ,Monascus azaphilone pigment homologues, when grown under specific culture conditions. The pigment production pattern of five strains cultivated in PP -V production medium was similar to that of strain IAM, and all violet pigments produced by these five strains were confirmed to be PP -V.

Strains that did not produce pigment were also identified. Based on these results, two hypotheses for the alteration of pigment production of P. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Full Text Available The urokinase plasminogen activator receptor uPAR plays a role in tumor progression and has been proposed as a target for the treatment of cancer.

We recently described the development of a novel humanized monoclonal antibody that targets uPAR and has anti-tumor activity in multiple xenograft animal tumor models. This antibody, ATN- , does not inhibit ligand binding i. Guided by comparisons between primate and human uPAR, epitope mapping studies were performed using several orthogonal techniques. Systematic site directed and alanine scanning mutagenesis identified the region of aa of uPAR as the epitope for ATN- No known function has previously been attributed to this epitope Structural insights into epitope recognition were obtained from structural studies of the Fab fragment of ATN- bound to uPAR.

These studies reveal a new functional epitope on uPAR involved in tumor progression and demonstrate a previously unrecognized strategy for the therapeutic targeting of uPAR. Finsler pp -waves. In this work we present a Finslerian version of the well-known pp -waves, which generalizes the very special relativity VSR line element.

Our Finsler pp -waves are an exact solution of Finslerian Einstein’s equations in vacuum. Describes a three-part assignment in which each student writes a complaint letter and an adjustment letter responding to another student’s complaint letter. Discusses how the third part of the assignment–journal entries–allows students to formulate their own criteria for excellent letters based upon their reactions to the letters they receive. Gluon ladders in pp pp -bar collisions. Full text follows: We study the contribution of a finite sum of gluon ladders to the hadronic processes showing that a reliable description is obtained using two order on perturbation theory.

The pp pp -bar total cross sections are described with good agreement, consistent with unitarity bound. We also calculate the elastic scattering amplitude at non zero momentum transfer t, introducing two distinct Ansatz for the proton impact factor. As a by product the elastic differential cross section is obtained at small t approximation and compared with the data. Examines how metadiscourse is used to create a positive corporate image in CEOs’ letters , showing how CEOs use nonpropositional material to realize rational, credible, and affective appeals.

Reveals the essentially rhetorical nature of CEOs’ letters by comparing the frequency and distribution of metadiscourse in their letters and directors’…. The measurements described in this report are part of the infiltration experiment carried out at Olkiluoto. The emphasis of these measurements is on obtaining more detailed data on hydraulically significant fractures in the infiltration experiment area.

Two different flowmeters were used for the measurements. The most recent measurements were conducted in Those measurements were carried out when drillhole OL-KR14 was pumped at packed-off section 13 m – 18 m. A very lively woman of fashion, she was close to Queen Charlotte and one of the Bluestocking Ladies.

She left a vivid portrait of life and society in eighteenth century England and Ireland in the six volumes of her Autobiography and Letters , edited in by her descendant Lady Llanover. Her autobiography is made up of 18 letters sent to her most intimate friend, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Portland. The first letter is dated , but in this, as in the following ones, Mrs. Delany narrates her past life to her friend, starting from the early years of her life, describing her unhappy marriage, financial difficulties as a widow, and family relationships.

Delany is dealing with. The aim of this paper is to focus on the textual, linguistic and content differences between the two letter types, and analyse how the identity of Mary Delany is differently constructed and perceived in the explicit autobiographical letters addressed to the Duchess of Portland, and the ones written to her sister. Letters of reference are commonly used in acquiring a job in education. Despite serious issues of validity and reliability in writing and evaluating letters , there is a dearth of research that systematically examines the evaluation process and defines the constructs that define high quality letters.

The current study used NVivo to examine …. Sixty-Minute Review of Letter Writing. The article describes a one-hour presentation which provides a basic stereotyped pattern of letter organization for the four types of letters order, request, claim, and reply the business of secretarial student is most likely to have to write.

The four paragraphs of the pattern are: purpose, explanation, optional, and closing. Rapid progress is being made in the understanding of PP 2A complex and its functions. Emerging studies have correlated changes in PP 2A with human diseases, especially cancer. PP 2A is comprised of 3 subunits: a catalytic subunit, a scaffolding subunit, and a regulatory subunit. The present data argue against models of letter position coding that assume that transposed- letter effects in the visual modality occur at a relatively late, abstract locus.

Digit and letter alexia in carbon monoxide poisoning. This study examined a year-old patient with delayed encephalopathy, who was admitted to hospital with complaints of headache and visual impairment 1 week after acute carbon monoxide poisoning.

The results of a visual field assessment, electroencephalography and head magnetic resonance imaging indicated damage to the cerebral cortex. After a 2-week treatment period, the patient had recovered from the visual impairment, but exhibited digit- and letter -reading difficulty. The Chinese aphasia battery and the number and letter battery supplement were conducted.

The results revealed that the patient exhibited digit and letter alexia, while the ability to read Chinese characters was preserved. In contrast, the patient exhibited a deficit in Chinese character writing, while number and letter writing remained intact.

Following treatment, reading and writing ability was improved and electroencephalographic abnormalities were ameliorated. Overall, our experimental findings demonstrated that delayed encephalopathy following acute carbon monoxide poisoning was characterized by digit and letter alexia.

In discussing letter -writing methods for business communication classes, the article explains that claim letter formats other than the direct approach are not only legitimate, but also effective, and suggests that the approach selected should depend upon the circumstances surrounding the claim. Culture and subculture in transactional letter writing. We examined the letters accompanying articles initially submitted for publication by 26 NSE and 23 NNSE academics, and compared them with ef Particles and nuclei, letters.

Full Text Available The question of how the brain encodes letter position in written words has attracted increasing attention in recent years.

Experimental test of contemporary mathematical models of visual letter recognition. A letter confusion experiment that used brief durations manipulated payoffs across the four stimulus letters , which were composed of line segments equal in length. The observers were required to report the features they perceived as well as to give a letter response. The early feature-sampling process is separated from the later letter -decision process in the substantive feature models, and predictions are thus obtained for the frequencies of feature report as well as letter report.

Four substantive visual feature-processing models are developed and tested against one another and against three models of a more descriptive nature.

The substantive models predict the decisional letter report phase much better than they do the feature-sampling phase, but the best overall 4 X 4 letter confusion matrix fits are obtained with one of the descriptive models, the similarity choice model. The present and other recent results suggest that the assumption that features are sampled in a stochastically independent manner may not be generally valid.

The traditional high-threshold conceptualization of feature sampling is also falsified by the frequent reporting by observers of features not contained in the stimulus letter. CERN Multimedia. The purpose of the joint project beteween CERN and EDS is to carry out research and development in the field of monitoring, management and operation of grid services. Full Text Available Background: Fibronectin seems to play a very important role in the progression and invasion of bladder cancer.

The aim of this study is to investigate the mRNA of fibronectin in transitional carcinoma cells TCC of bladder to study these domains.

Methods: A total of 20 patients with known bladder cancer were studied. Two of them excluded since their excised tissues were not enough for both the pathological examination and RNA study. Another 20 control group were normal volunteers who needed bladder operations. Results: For the first time, we present the expression of the oncofetal fibronectin mRNA in the transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. None of the normal volunteers expressed the oncofetal extra domains.

The evidence for the effectiveness of the first letter mnemonic technique is confused. There are at least three studies showing no effect, and one where an improvement in recall occurred. Reports two experiments which attempted to locate the conditions under which the first letter mnemonic is effective. Extra-large letter spacing improves reading in dyslexia. Although the causes of dyslexia are still debated, all researchers agree that the main challenge is to find ways that allow a child with dyslexia to read more words in less time, because reading more is undisputedly the most efficient intervention for dyslexia.

Sophisticated training programs exist, but they typically target the component skills of reading, such as phonological awareness. After the component skills have improved, the main challenge remains that is, reading deficits must be treated by reading more—a vicious circle for a dyslexic child. Here, we show that a simple manipulation of letter spacing substantially improved text reading performance on the fly without any training in a large, unselected sample of Italian and French dyslexic children.

Extra-large letter spacing helps reading, because dyslexics are abnormally affected by crowding, a perceptual phenomenon with detrimental effects on letter recognition that is modulated by the spacing between letters. Extra-large letter spacing may help to break the vicious circle by rendering the reading material more easily accessible.

Letters of reference are widely used as an essential part of the hiring process of newly licensed teachers. While the predictive validity of these letters of reference has been called into question it has never been empirically studied. The current study examined the predictive validity of the quality of letters of reference for forty-one student…. Teaching letter sounds to kindergarten English language learners using incremental rehearsal.

Proficiency in letter -sound correspondence is important for decoding connected text. This study examined the effects of an evidence-based intervention, incremental rehearsal IR , on the letter -sound expression of three kindergarten English language learners ELLs performing below the district benchmark for letter -sound fluency.

Participants were native speakers of Hmong, Spanish, and Polish. A multiple-baseline design across sets of unknown letter sounds was used to evaluate the effects of IR on letter -sound expression. Visual analysis of the data showed an increase in level and trend when IR was introduced in each phase.

All participants exceeded expected growth and reached the spring district benchmark for letter -sound fluency. Results suggest that IR is a promising intervention for increasing letter -sound expression for ELLs who evidence delays in acquiring letter sounds. Published by Elsevier Ltd. We certify that the wording of this letter of credit is identical to the wording specified in 40 CFR Particles and Nuclei, Letters.

The elaboration of motor programs for the automation of letter production. We investigated how children learn to write letters. Letter writing evolves from stroke-by-stroke to whole- letter programming.

At ages 6 and 7 movement duration, dysfluency and trajectory increased with stroke number. This indicates that the motor program they activated mainly coded information on stroke production. Stroke number affected the older children’s production much less, suggesting that they programmed stroke chunks or the whole letter. The fact that movement duration and dysfluency decreased from ages 6 to 8, and remained stable at ages 8 and 9 suggests that automation of letter writing begins at age 8.

Peer assessment of outpatient consultation letters — feasibility and satisfaction. Full Text Available Abstract Background Written correspondence is one of the most important forms of communication between health care providers, yet there is little feedback provided to specialists. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility and satisfaction of a peer assessment program on consultation letters and to determine inter-rater reliability between family physicians and specialists.

Methods A rating scale of nine 5-point Likert scale items including specific content, style items, education value of the letter and an overall rating was developed from a previous validated tool.

Two Internal Medicine specialists, and 2 family physicians from the other centre rated each letter to protect writer anonymity. A satisfaction survey was sent to each writer and rater after collation of the results. A follow-up survey was sent 6—8 months later. Results There was a high degree of satisfaction with the process and feedback.

Raters rank ordered letters similarly Cronbach’s alpha 0. At site 1 there were significant differences in scoring brevity p Conclusion Most participants found peer assessment of letters feasible and beneficial and longstanding changes occurred in some individuals.

Family physicians and specialists appear to have different expectations on some items. Further studies on reliability and validity, with a larger sample, are required before high stakes professional assessments include consultation letters. Pseudo-synesthesia through reading books with colored letters. A relatively common type of synesthesia involves perception of color when viewing letters e.

In this study, we examine whether traits typically regarded as markers of synesthesia can be acquired by simply reading in color. A modified Stroop task was administered before and after reading.

A perceptual crowding task was administered after reading. Readers did not show significant performance advantages on the crowding task compared to controls. Acknowledging the many differences between trainees and synesthetes, results suggest that it may be possible to acquire a subset of synesthetic behavioral traits in adulthood through training.

Reading in color appears to be a promising avenue in which we may explore the differences and similarities between synesthetes and non-synesthetes. Additionally, reading in color is a plausible method for a long-term ‘synesthetic’ training program. Letter of Map Revision. Hearing of Mr. Francois Roussely, President d’ Ed F. This document is the proceedings of the hearing of F. Roussely, President of Electricite de France Ed F , at the commission of economic affairs of the French house of commons, about the advisability of the construction of the EPR European pressurized reactor demonstration plant and about its possible financing by Ed F.

In a first part, F. Roussely recalls the European context of deregulation of energy markets and its impact of the French electric power industry opening of the French market, industrial and social actions of Ed F, need of a new generation of nuclear reactor, preservation of Ed F’s energy mix, warranty of public utility, un-bundling between energy trade and distribution, Ed F’s turnover and profitability, Ed F’s foreign daughter companies.

In a second part, F. Roussely answers a series of questions asked by the different members of the commission concerning the different points presented in the first part. Patient information letters on nutrition: development and implementation. Five nutritional guidance letters have since been developed with the Dutch Nutrition Center. Color associations for days and letters across different languages.

While colors are commonplace in everyday metaphors, relatively little is known about implicit color associations to linguistic or semantic concepts in a general population. In this study, we test color associations for ordered linguistic concepts letters and days.

The culture and language specificity of these effects was examined in a large group of Dutch-speaking participants, 92 English-speaking participants, and 49 Hindi-speaking participants. Non-random distributions of color choices were revealed; consistencies were found across the three language groups in color preferences for both days and letters. Interestingly, while the Hindi-speaking participants were presented with letter stimuli matched on phonology, their pattern of letter -to-color preferences still showed similarities with Dutch- and English-speaking participants.

Furthermore, we found that that the color preferences corresponded between participants indicating to have conscious color experiences with letters or days putative synesthetes and participants who do not non-synesthetes. We also explored possible mechanisms underlying the color preferences. While certainly not all variation can be explained or predicted, the results show that regularities are present in color-to- letter or color-to-day preferences in both putative synesthetes and non-synesthetes across languages.

Both letter -to-color and day-to-color preferences were influenced by multiple factors. The findings support a notion of abstract concepts such as days and letters that are not represented in isolation, but are connected to perceptual representational systems. Full Text Available While colors are commonplace in everyday metaphors, relatively little is known about implicit color associations to linguistic or semantic concepts in a general population.

There were a few specific associations, including red for A, red for Monday, and white for Sunday. We also explored more general mechanisms, such as overall color preferences shown by Simner et al Michelangelo, a Tireless Letter Writer. Full Text Available A titan of artistic creation, the sculptor-painter-architect Michelangelo was also a tireless letter writer. Five hundred and eighteen of his letters have reached us, stretching from his youth to the eve of his death, but we know that many others have been lost.

How To Write a Business Letter. Power of the Printed Word. Business letters should turn people on rather than turning them off. To write a good business letter , know what the goal is before starting to write, call the reader by name, tell what the letter is about in the first paragraph, refer to dates when answering letters , and write from the reader’s point of view.

Be positive, be nice, and be natural. Full Text Available The pressures of patient demand on emergency departments EDs continue to be reported worldwide, with an associated negative impact on ED crowding and waiting times.

Having a portable ultrasound available to your ED will enable you to perform scans during the nighttime hours, instead of having patients wait for several hours until the radiology department opens. Additional time can be saved by having a technologist read the scans, which frees your ED physicians for other duties.

Having ED docs contact the technologist directly, rather than going through a resident, also saves valuable time. Arriving at a diagnosis more quickly provides a boost to patient safety. Full Text Available In the year was adopted the Publication no. Publication no. The Publication no. The new Publication has brought a number of changes on the issues regarding the performance of the letters of credit, both in the relationship with the nonbanking institutions participants and in the relationship between the credit institutions participating in the performance of the letter of credit.

This study, without being exhaustive, aims to capture the main aspects of novelty brought by the publication no. It has in view, in particular, the irrevocable character of the letter of credit, the elaboration method and procedure of the letter of credit, the participants to the unfolding of the specific relationship of the letter of credit and the main duties of the involved credit institutions. Return to sender: Constantijn Huygens as a man of letters. Evidence for magnocellular involvement in the identification of flanked letters.

Little is known about the role of the magno system in reading. One important hypothesis is that this system is involved in the allocation of attention. We reasoned that the presentation of a single letter automatically draws attention to this letter , whereas in the case of a flanked letter , an. Letter to Carl Niigeli. We reproduce an english translation of one of these letters below, in which This area is characterized by lush vegetation of native trees and visual towards the Andes leaks.

In this project the use of wood predominates, which is subtly integrated with the natural environment. Letters of intent. After initial discussions of ‘Expressions of Interest’ at the specially arranged meeting at Evian-les-Bains, France, earlier this year May, page 1 , three Letters of Intent have emerged, together involving nearly physicists from research institutes all over the world.

As well as these researchers listed on the documents, the plans in fact involve many additional technical specialists who work behind the scenes. It was a historic moment as these three detector proposals were aired at the first open meeting of the new LHC Experiments Committee. CERN’s main auditorium and a large overflow room receiving relayed video pictures were both packed. From these three schemes – ATLAS, CMS and L3P – and the first reactions to their letters of intent, eventually two projects will emerge, for which full technical proposals will be prepared, including construction plans and credible costings.

Background Synesthesia is a phenomenon where a stimulus produces consistent extraordinary subjective experiences. In this study, we examine whether traits. Letters on nuclear controversy. Heinz Maier-Leibnitz a well-known scientist, nuclear physicist, for 50 years, who publicily supported the idea not to overrate the dangers of peaceful utilization of nuclear energy, has grown tired of talking only to colleagues.

He invites a junior fellow physicist, who held engaged speeches against the nuclear power plant Zwentendorf, to an exchange of thoughts. Peter Kafka, an astro-physicist studied the self organisation of the universe from the big bang to the economic crisis and encountered the question of which conditions have to be fulfilled to prevent progress from becoming caranogenous. He became one of the spokesmen of ‘political ecology’ and called for resistance again large-scale technological use of scientific knowledge.

He was enthusiastic about the idea of an exchange of letters , because he – just like his partner – believes in gaining knowledge by discussion. The variety of subjects is sketched briefly in form of three lectures. In the letters both scientists discuss intensly about: – Freedom of science and responsibility of science. In the end no one has convinced the other.

The reader however finds a lot of new incentives in the letters – printed in unabridged form – a lot of new and significant arguments for a discussion which has only just started.

Transposed- letter priming of prelexical orthographic representations. A prime generated by transposing two internal letters e. In lexical decision, this transposed- letter TL priming effect is generally weak or absent for nonword targets; thus, it is unclear whether the origin of this effect is lexical or prelexical.

The authors describe the Bayesian Reader theory of masked priming D. Kinoshita, , which explains why nonwords do not show priming in lexical decision but why they do in the cross-case same-different task. This analysis is followed by 3 experiments that show that priming in this task is not based on low-level perceptual similarity between the prime and target, or on phonology, to make the case that priming is based on prelexical orthographic representation. The authors then use this task to demonstrate equivalent TL priming effects for nonwords and words.

The results are interpreted as the first reliable evidence based on the masked priming procedure that letter position is not coded absolutely within the prelexical, orthographic representation. The implications of the results for current letter position coding schemes are discussed.

Insights from developmental and acquired letter position dyslexia on morphological decomposition in reading. Full Text Available We explored morphological decomposition in reading, the locus in the reading process in which it takes place and its nature, comparing different types of morphemes. We assessed these questions through the analysis of letter position errors in readers with letter position dyslexia LPD.

LPD is a selective impairment to letter position encoding in the early stage of word reading, which results in letter migrations cloud-could. We used the fact that migrations in LPD occur mainly in word-interior letters , whereas exterior letters rarely migrate.

The rationale was that if morphological decomposition occurs prior to letter position encoding and strips off affixes, word-interior letters adjacent to an affix signs-signs would become exterior following affix-stripping and hence exhibit fewer migrations.

We tested 11 Hebrew readers with developmental LPD and 1 with acquired LPD in 6 experiments of reading aloud, lexical decision, and comprehension, at the single word and sentence levels.

We examined migrations next to inflectional,derivational,or bound function morphemes compared with exterior letters. Root letters adjacent to inflectional and derivational morphemes were treated like middle letters , and migrated frequently, whereas root letters adjacent to bound function morphemes patterned with exterior letters , and almost never migrated.

Given that LPD is a pre-lexical deficit, these results indicate that morphological decomposition takes place in an early, pre-lexical stage. Morphologically complex nonwords showed the same pattern, indicating that this decomposition is structurally, rather than lexically, driven. We suggest that letter position encoding takes place before morphological analysis, but in some cases, as with bound function morphemes, the complex word is re-analyzed as two separate words.

In this reanalysis, letter positions in each constituent word are encoded separately,and hence the exterior letters of the root are treated as exterior and. Lugg, N. Chemical mapping using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy EDS in scanning transmission electron microscopy STEM has recently shown to be a powerful technique in analyzing the elemental identity and location of atomic columns in materials at atomic resolution.

Obtaining calibrated EDS STEM maps so that they are on an absolute scale is a difficult task and even if one achieves this, extracting quantitative information about the specimen — such as the number or density of atoms under the probe — adds yet another layer of complexity to the analysis due to the multiple elastic and inelastic scattering of the electron probe.

Quantitative information may be obtained by comparing calibrated EDS STEM with theoretical simulations, but in this case a model of the structure must be assumed a priori. Here we first theoretically explore how exactly elastic and thermal scattering of the probe confounds the quantitative information one is able to extract about the specimen from an EDS STEM map.

We then show using simulation how tilting the specimen or incident probe can reduce the effects of scattering and how it can provide quantitative information about the specimen. We then discuss drawbacks of this method — such as the loss of atomic resolution along the tilt direction — but follow this with a possible remedy: precession averaged EDS STEM mapping. Transient data acquisition techniques under EDS. Although EDS was developed for use on AVLIS, the functional requirements, overall design, and specific techniques are applicable to any experimental data acquisition system involving large quantities of transient data.

In particular this paper will discuss the techniques and equipment used to do the data acquisition. The second topic the author will discuss is how the acquired data is associated to graphics and analysis portions of EDS through efficient real time data bases. This discussion will include how the acquired data is folded into the overall structure of EDS providing the user immediate access to raw and analyzed data.

A chirp pulse at nm was amplified from 1 nJ to mJ by an optical parametric amplifier Computations show that adding two more parametric amplifiers mm and mm diameter will result in a multipetawatt power.

Christoph Hauri. Supriyo Sinha. Ondrej Klimo. Lawrence Shah. Nobuhiko Sarukura. Claudio Sanelli.

❿
 
 

Department of Corrections Communications Buyers Guide replace.me by Federal Buyers Guide, inc. – Issuu. Windows 10 1703 download iso itarget laser

 
Network Engineering Consultants, Inc. PAVER 6.

❿

 

Windows 10 1703 download iso itarget laser – More from Federal Buyers Guide, inc.

 

Focal brain damage can selectively impair colour naming, the use of colour words, short-term. The focus windows update download the effective lesions, as revealed.

Recent functional neuroimaging experiments. TEO and TE in monkeys. The simplest explanation for cerebral achromatopsia is that the lesion. But recent studies of spectral sensitivity, detection of. It is the experience of hue itself that has. Almost certainly not, because the achromatopsic subject is always aware of what he is discriminating. Twenty years ago, the main focus of visual motion research was on the nature and limits of the.

Newer work has been concerned with processes which. I discuss a number of aspects of integrative motion processing. In general, in these instances of motion transparency, the perception of motion is little affected.

Subtraction between neurons посетить страницу источник to opposite.

Gradient methods. The inclusion of a bandpass. Motion induction was assessed as a function of i the temporal delay between test and inducers. Dependence on the spatial relationship referred.

This balance. Test and flankers. Motion contrast decayed more rapidly for. Collinear and parallel configurations yielded equivalent effects, suggesting an isotropic. Motion contrast increased with speed but, curiously, did not change into assimilation for 1 deg stimulus. Motion induction might not be a purely visual phenomenon. Detection of coherent motion vs noise is increasingly being used as a way of investigating global.

To localise the brain mechanisms involved in this performance, fMRI techniques. Rates of reversal of coherent motion and. Differences in local activation. In addition, there were foci of activation outside classically. The rate of motion reversal showed only weak effects in motion-sensitive areas.

This was at a. Motion coherence thresholds measured with these noise types are similar Scase et al. We assessed whether these noise types excited different brain regions revealed by приведу ссылку. Stimuli consisted of blocks where subjects viewed a blank. The display. Haemodynamic brain changes were measured by fMRI techniques. Activation differences were analysed by times-series regression modelling. Direct comparison of the.

We conclude that although motion-coherence thresholds. This focussed review of computational theories of the psychophysics of human motion-direction. Koenderink, and many others. Chubb and Sperling used drift-balanced stimuli to derive a. Lu and Sperling proposed a functional architecture of motion. All three motion systems receive an input that is a function of x, y, t, and all utilise a similar. The inputs are: for windows 10 1703 download iso itarget laser, point-contrast the deviation of point.

Besides the type of stimuli processed, characteristics that differentiate the systems are: temporal. Finally, successful resolutions of some challenges to the three-systems theory are.

A previous study Harris and Smith, Visual Neuroscience 9 has suggested that secondorder. Is this influence limited to attenuation or can OKN also be facilitated by. Dynamic random noise was used as a carrier windows 10 1703 download iso itarget laser first-order and second-order drifting gratings.

Second-order motion of a. Simultaneously a first-order, luminance-defined grating The presence of flicker-defined second-order motion in the opposite. When first-order and second-order motion were in the. Orthogonal movement had no consistent effect. Здесь conclude that although second-order. Both motion and stereopsis are subserved by linear windows 10 1703 download iso itarget laser well as nonlinear second-order mechanisms.

Is the same. We used a 2AFC paradigm where each trial consisted only of the motion linear or nonlinear. Two frames simulated viewer. Observers had to detect monocularly orientation of the ссылка, either left.

Local linear motion was obtained by the displacement windows 10 1703 download iso itarget laser Gaussian blobs. D max when defined by linear motion.

It was impossible, however, when defined by either type of. Surface shape, defined either by disparity or by motion, is luminance-based, that is not supported. In brief displays источник figure.

Thus the visual system can extract motion information between stages of oriented filtering and. Gratings that are defined by motion are powerful tools for windows 10 1703 download iso itarget laser how local motion signals.

To produce such gratings, local motion signals are usually generated by the. We performed experiments with. The subjects had to decide in a 2AFC paradigm whether. Our initial experiments indicate that. When the dot density is increased, discrimination performance improves, without a clear shift. These results suggest that the integration of motion information along. Differences between increments and decrements and the effect. For each stimulus windows 10 1703 download iso itarget laser we have.

The stimuli were uniform discs of 6-deg radius presented centred on the fovea. The results show that for the level of light adaptation. Similar responses were obtained for the rhesus monkeys.

Pupil light-reflex responses were also absent when. The results suggest that when large, achromatic. Observers pursued a dot moving from left to right at 5. On separate trials observers.

Consistent with their perception see part Iobservers pointed to distinct locations. Intriguingly, observers placed their finger on the same side of the LED, but. As predicted, the later the click occurred, the larger was the separation between the. We claim that this method produces a displacement of the flash that windows 10 1703 download iso itarget laser an absolute. Thus, these displacement. We propose a model for a higher-level cognitive stage of scene analysis with saccadic eye movements.

This model is embedded in a research project, in which a complete sensorimotor system. The suggested посетить страницу is derived from a combination. The elementary unit читать далее representation corresponds to a single eye movement, and is. Each individual eye movement thus provides a. The resulting scene-analysis system is able to learn links between eye movements and scenes.

The information. The output. The results of our system. Maryland Revolving Field Monitor. Its goal was to determine how the clarity of vision affects.

LEDs with a 1.

❿
 
 

❿